In a world of 8 billion people who speak thousands of different languages, it’s fascinating to learn about how languages differ from one another. Even just among the most spoken languages in the world, there are completely different alphabets, scripts, phonetics, grammar rules, and more that bear little relationship to one another.
The world has not yet collectively decided on a universal language, but English has become the default language in many international gatherings and business communications. For better or for worse, learning English is valuable, but as many English language learners find, it’s…well…weird.
– YouTube youtu.be
Rob Words’ YouTube channel “for lovers and learners of English” explores all aspects of the English language, including what makes it “weird.”
Here are 9 reasons English stands out as an oddity among the world’s languages:
1. English has has a lot of sounds, comparatively
English has 44 phonemes, or distinct sounds, that we put together to form our words. The average for languages worldwide is 25 to 30. A lot of that discrepancy is due to English having a lot of different vowel sounds. And English includes some rare sounds that are found in very few other languages, such as the “th” sound (both in “the” and in “three”) and the ubiquitous-in-American-English-but-rare-in-other-languages “er” sound.
2. The way we form questions
In English, to change a statement into a question, we switch the order of the subject and the verb. “She is an architect,” becomes “Is she an architect?” That’s unusual among the world’s languages. According to Rob Words, only 1.4% of languages do that kind of switcheroo to form questions.
Do you? Do you? Giphy GIF by Paramount+
3. Our meaningless “do”
This is one that native English speakers likely never think about but is confusing for those trying to learn. We have our “do” that means doing something. But we also have “do” that we just toss into questions for no apparent reason. For instance, “You like coffee,” doesn’t become “You like coffee?” It becomes “Do you like coffee?” We also use it with “not” as in “I do not like coffee.” But that “do” serves no purpose except to confuse English learners. We could just say “I not like coffee,” but we don’t.
4. Phrasal verbs
If there’s one thing I learned teaching English in Japan, it’s that phrasal verbs we use in everyday language make no sense whatsoever. Why do we say that an alarm “goes off” instead of “goes on”? Why do we “get in” a car but “get on” a bus? Why does “looking up” something have a totally different meaning than “looking at” something or “looking into” something, and how are people supposed to know which added preposition fits which meaning?
jon favreau car GIF Giphy
5. Our lack of gendered words
Many languages have masculine and feminine words, grammar rules, etc. But English is almost entirely devoid of such linguistic devices. We have gendered pronouns, but that’s it. That’s different than most Indo-European languages, which employ some kind of grammatical gender rules.
6. Pronoun reliance
Speaking of gendered pronouns, another thing that sets English apart is our reliance on them. Many languages don’t use pronouns as much as we do, and only about 10% of languages have obligatory pronouns like English. We don’t say “am hungry,” we say “I am hungry.” We don’t say “Like chocolate,” we say “I/we/you/etc. like chocolate.” That’s totally natural for us, but it’s unusual.
Spelling in English is so hard we have competitions. Giphy
7. “Silly” spelling
We all know this one. Our spelling “rules” are like the flippin’ Wild West. Or as Rob Words puts it “a monstrosity.” Our silent letters, the way different combinations make letters have different sounds, but not in any way consistently—it’s truly bonkers. “I don’t know of another language that has tried to create a written form that represents the sounds of that language and failed so spectacularly,” Rob shares.
8. Tenses
This one is a little nerdy, but hear him out. “So far as linguists have researched it, English’s present tense is like no other,” Rob says. “Because English is the only language in the whole world where the present tense only requires you to alter the third person singular form for regular verbs.”
Example: I smell. You smell. They smell. But he/she/it smells. That added “s” just with those specific pronouns is weird.
I smell. You smell. He smells. Giphy
9. Articles
People learning English have to learn the subtle nuances of when to use “the” and when to use “a” or “an.” Apparently, German is worse on this front, but many languages don’t have any articles or anything equivalent. So yeah, weird.
10. Things we’re missing (BONUS)
Rob Words actually listed 10 oddities, but the last one was technically just an absence of things. There are some things other languages have that English doesn’t. For instance, we have aunts and uncles, but we don’t have a gender-neutral umbrella term for that position in the family. We have mom/dad/parents and grandma/grandpa/grandparents, but then aunt/uncle/????s. We also don’t have a word for the day after tomorrow or the day before yesterday, but many other languages do. And so on and so forth.
It’s official: English truly is weird. Nothing but the utmost respect to everyone trying to learn it.